A resistance strain gauge is composed of elements used to measure strain. It can convert the changes in strain on mechanical components into changes in resistance. Resistance strain gauges are made by winding constantin or nichrome wires with a diameter of Φ=0.02-0.05mm into a grid shape (or by etching very thin metal foils into a grid shape) and sandwiching them between two insulating thin sheets (as the base). Connect the silver-plated copper wire to the strain gauge wire grid as the lead wire of the resistance sheet.
Resistance strain gauges come in various forms, with the commonly used ones being wire type and foil type. It is made by winding copper or nichrome wires with a diameter of 0.02 to 0.05mm into a grid shape (or by corroding very thin metal foils into a grid shape) and sandwiching them between two layers of insulating thin sheets (base). Tin-plated copper wires are connected to the strain gauge wire grid to serve as the strain gauge leads, which are used to connect the measuring wires.
The measurement principle of the resistance strain gauge is that the resistance value of the metal wire is not only related to the properties of the material, but also to the length and cross-sectional area of the metal wire. When the metal wire is adhered to the component and the component deforms under force, the length and cross-sectional area of the metal wire also change along with the component, thereby causing a change in resistance.
DR/R = Ks * epsilon
Among them, Ks represents the sensitivity coefficient of the material, whose physical meaning is the rate of resistance change per unit strain, indicating whether the resistance strain gauge effect of this type of wire material is significant or not. ε represents the strain at the measurement point and is a dimensionless quantity. However, it is still conventionally given as the unit microstrain, which is commonly denoted by the symbol με.
From this, it can be known that when a metal wire generates a strain effect, the strain ε has a linear relationship with the resistance change rate dR/R. This is the theoretical basis for using metal strain gauges to measure the strain of components.
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